Isothiocyanates health benefit and antioxidant benefits
Isothiocyanates are breakdown products of glucosinolates contained in cruciciferous vegetables. This heterogeneous family of molecules has the --N==C==S group as its common structural feature and possesses important cell protective properties. Their biological interactions are strongly related to their indirect antioxidant properties, particularly related to induction of phase-2 enzymes.
Isothiocyanates and bladder
cancer
Inhibition of urinary bladder cancer by
broccoli sprouts.
Cancer Res. 2008 Mar 1; Munday R, Mhawech-Fauceglia P, Munday CM, Paonessa JD,
Tang L, Munday JS, Lister C, Wilson P, Fahey JW, Davis W, Zhang Y.
AgResearch Limited, Ruakura Agricultural Research Center, Hamilton, New Zealand.
Isothiocyanates are a well-known class of cancer prevention agents, and broccoli
sprouts are a rich source of several isothiocyanates. We report herein that
dietary administration to rats of a freeze-dried aqueous extract of broccoli
sprouts significantly and dose-dependently inhibited bladder cancer development
induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine. The incidence, multiplicity,
size, and progression of bladder cancer were all inhibited by the extract, while
the extract itself caused no histologic changes in the bladder. Isothiocyanates
are metabolized to dithiocarbamates in vivo, but dithiocarbamates readily
dissociate to isothiocyanates. We found that >70% of the isothiocyanates present
in the extract were excreted in the urine as isothiocyanate equivalents (isothiocyanates
+ dithiocarbamates) in 12 h after a single p.o. dose, indicating high
bioavailability and rapid urinary excretion. In addition, the concentrations of
isothiocyanate equivalents in the urine of extract-treated rats were 2 to 3
orders of magnitude higher than those in plasma, indicating that the bladder
epithelium, the major site of bladder cancer development, is most exposed to p.o.
dosed isothiocyanate. Indeed, tissue levels of isothiocyanate equivalents in the
bladder were significantly higher than in the liver. In conclusion, broccoli
sprout extract is a highly promising substance for bladder cancer prevention and
the isothiocyanates in the extract are selectively delivered to the bladder
epithelium through urinary excretion.
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